美国GOES系列卫星的发展

首先介绍了美国GOES系列静止轨道气象卫星的基本情况、职能和使命任务,然后分别对第一代、第二代/改进型第二代以及第三代GOES系列卫星的发展历程、载荷情况和卫星产品进行了概述,并对目前在轨运行第三代GOES系列卫星先进基线成像仪、同步闪电测绘仪、远紫外与X射线辐照度探测器等载荷参数和主要用途进行了详细介绍.最后总结了G...     

A data-oriented strategy to support water resource managers and researchers

Given the wide diversity of data services provided to national water management agencies, the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) in collaboration with the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) developed the approach described in the report, Implementing the GEOSS Water Strategy—From Observations to Decisions to develop more coherent and equitable data services for water management through the use of Earth observations. Among other water resource issues, it recognized the need to enhance data-enriched water management services to support decision making related to drought monitoring, flood warning, tracking and improving sustainable development and monitoring and ameliorating the impacts of climate change. Needs associated with the Strategy's four themes: improved data acquisition for essential water variables, research and product development, interoperability and coordination, and capacity development and decision support, are reviewed. Responses to the recommendations have been undertaken by GEO, led by its Global Water Sustainability (GEOGloWS) initiative which includes NASA contributions, CEOS, and the Global Terrestrial Network for Hydrology (GTN-H). Progress on the themes is reviewed and benefits of these developments for international and US water management are identified. The commentary concludes with a summary of what has been achieved, what remains to be done, and the priority focus areas for implementation in the final year of the Strategy.     

基于卫星遥感的生态保护红线人类活动提取方法研究

目前全国生态保护红线划定工作基本结束,开展生态保护红线监管工作事关国家生态安全,是今后我国生态保护的重要举措和重点工作。依托国家生态保护红线监管平台监管业务系统,研究基于卫星遥感的生态保护红线人类活动提取方法和流程,并以宁夏为例,验证其科学性和可靠性。结果显示:基于卫星遥感技术构建的方法精度较高,可操作性较强,为生态保护红线人类活动监管提供了思路;使用该技术方法的作业效率相比人工解译提升了2~3倍,提取的宁夏生态破坏问题图斑准确率达到66%,人类活动提取准确率更是达到95%,能够满足生态保护红线人类活动监管需求;宁夏55%的县(区、市)生态保护红线内发现新增和规模扩大人类活动,从空间分布来看,主要集中在西部和南部,北部和中部分布较少,其中彭阳县、沙坡头区和中宁县人类活动影响面积最大。     

近岸海域水色异常遥感监测方法研究

水体颜色是判断水体质量的重要依据,利用遥感技术检测水色异常是进行水质评估和水体污染监测的重要技术手法。基于盐城市废黄河入海口处的GF1-WFV影像数据,利用遥感影像自身光谱特征来构建水色异常判断函数,对研究区域的水色异常进行快速提取和定位,并比较分析了基于单景影像特征和多景影像特征设置判断阈值的提取结果。研究结果表明：该方法完全基于遥感影像光谱特征,可有效提取出未知类型的水色异常信息;与基于单景影像设置的判断阈值相比,基于双景影像设置的判断阈值更合理、更适用,提取速度更快,提取范围更精确,Kappa系数为0.80;另外,采用合适窗口大小进行均值滤波处理能有效防止提取结果细碎和斑块化。     

基于Sentinel-3 OLCI影像的渤海FUI水色指数遥感提取及应用

水色是水体水文学特征的基本要素之一。水色测定主要是采用福莱尔比色表(Forel-Ule Scale)将自然水体按颜色从深蓝到红棕共分为21个级别,用以观测、记录海洋和内陆水体的颜色。基于2020—2021年大辽河口、黄河口西南及秦皇岛近岸海域的现场实测数据和同步Sentinel-3 OLCI影像,验证了FUI水色指数遥感提取结果的准确性,发现当现场测量时间与卫星过境时间接近时,FUI水色指数遥感提取结果与实测结果基本一致。利用2021年1—12月Sentinel-3 OLCI影像,提取了渤海月均FUI水色指数遥感产品,发现渤海FUI水色指数的主要变化区间为5~17,整体呈现辽东湾、渤海湾及莱州湾沿岸海域高,秦皇岛海域及其他离岸海域低的空间分布特征,且存在秋冬季高、春夏季低的时间变化规律。此外,FUI水色指数对诸多海洋生态环境问题具有显著的指示功能。尝试将其应用于海洋水色异常和海水水质类别观测,均取得了较好的应用效果。由此可见,FUI水色指数遥感提取将在今后的海洋生态环境监测与评价方面发挥重要作用。     

基于光纤传感探测的直升机修理异常振动源定位研究

目的 针对直升机异常振动故障排除,对振动源进行检测,并分析振源频谱,准确定位异常振动源,指导振动源调整,并对调整情况进行检测,提升直升机异常振动排故效率。方法 结合光纤传感器的振动检测特性应用分析,开发一套基于光纤传感探测的直升机修理异常振动源定位系统,实现直升机的振动源动态监控。结果 识别了直升机的主要振动源,分析统计了振动源频率,梳理了直升机试车、试飞典型振动故障,研究了光纤振动传感器感知被测量的实时调制方法和信号调制的光波解调方法,结合应用需求对市场上成熟的分布式光纤传感系统进行了优化设计,采用深度学习技术,对后端数据处理平台软件进行了重新设计。结论 通过有针对性地创建识别模型库,并对模型库进行实际样本训练,模型准确率可达到66.37%。     

旋轮虫在污水生物处理中的作用机制初探

蛭形轮虫常被用作生物处理性能良好的指示生物.本文以一种常见的蛭形轮虫—旋轮虫(Philodina sp.)为研究对象,着重探讨了旋轮虫及其分泌物对活性污泥处理性能和细菌的作用方式,以明确旋轮虫在污水生物处理中的作用机制.结果表明,旋轮虫及其分泌物均在一定程度上提高了活性污泥对COD、氨氮、总磷的去除率,且两者的提高效果相近,表明旋轮虫分泌物是旋轮虫对活性污泥的主要作用形式,即非直接捕食性的间接作用是其主要作用形式.旋轮虫分泌物对絮凝性细菌的絮凝性、异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的同步硝化和脱氮效能均有促进作用,进一步表明旋轮虫提高活性污泥活性的作用是通过其分泌物提高细菌活性的结果.此外,通过使用根癌农杆菌KYC55从旋轮虫分泌物中检测出AHLs信号分子的类似物,表明旋轮虫对细菌的作用机制可能是其分泌物误导或触发细菌的群体感应所致.本文结果为研究微型动物在污水生物处理中的作用机制提供了新的研究思路.     

Comparing wildlife habitat suitability models based on expert opinion with camera trap detections

Expert knowledge is used in the development of wildlife habitat suitability models (HSMs) for management and conservation decisions. However, the consistency of such models has been questioned. Focusing on 1 method for elicitation, the analytic hierarchy process, we generated expert-based HSMs for 4 felid species: 2 forest specialists (ocelot [Leopardus pardalis] and margay [Leopardus wiedii]) and 2 habitat generalist species (Pampas cat [Leopardus colocola] and puma [Puma concolor]). Using these HSMs, species detections from camera-trap surveys, and generalized linear models, we assessed the effect of study species and expert attributes on the correspondence between expert models and camera-trap detections. We also examined whether aggregation of participant responses and iterative feedback improved model performance. We ran 160 HSMs and found that models for specialist species showed higher correspondence with camera-trap detections (AUC [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve] >0.7) than those for generalists (AUC < 0.7). Model correspondence increased as participant years of experience in the study area increased, but only for the understudied generalist species, Pampas cat (β = 0.024 [SE 0.007]). No other participant attribute was associated with model correspondence. Feedback and revision of models improved model correspondence, and aggregating judgments across multiple participants improved correspondence only for specialist species. The average correspondence of aggregated judgments increased as group size increased but leveled off after 5 experts for all species. Our results suggest that correspondence between expert models and empirical surveys increases as habitat specialization increases. We encourage inclusion of participants knowledgeable of the study area and model validation for expert-based modeling of understudied and generalist species.     

湖库水生植被光学遥感监测研究进展和展望

水生植被在湖库生态系统中发挥稳定沉积物、净化水质、平衡水生生态系统等作用,监测水生植被变化对湖库生态环境的监测具有重要意义。梳理了国内外利用高光谱、多光谱光学卫星遥感数据提取湖库水生植被的方法,尤其是针对其中涉及的阈值确定问题进行总结分析,介绍了典型研究区水生植被时空分布和变化以及与水质的关系,最后给出一些水生植被遥感监测的展望。     

综合遥感与地面观测的巢湖水体富营养化评价

提出一种将地面观测数据空间插值与遥感反演结合的湖泊富营养化评价方法与业务化运行模式。对叶绿素a等可反演参数利用遥感影像反演,并利用实测值校正获得高精度反演结果;对总磷等不易反演参数采用空间插值获取全湖区数据,采用综合营养指数法对巢湖富营养化状态进行反演,获得2015年5月12日巢湖富营养化状态空间分布情况。结果表明,巢湖全湖为轻度和中度富营养化状态,呈现出西半湖高于东半湖的总体空间分布趋势。结合相关数据对巢湖富营养化成因进行推断,认为南淝河等上游河流各类营养物质输入量较大是造成西半湖北部富营养化严重的主要成因;西南部杭埠河等河流氮磷输入量较大,但其他营养物质输入较少,使得该区域总体呈现出富营养化程度偏低的现象。